Pacific trade deal represents 40% of global trade

Trade ministers from 12 countries reached an agreement on October 5, 2015, to establish a historic Pacific trade accord.

The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) would remove most trade tariffs between the United States, Japan, and 10 other countries, and is the largest regional trade agreement in history. The member countries represent about 800 million people and approximately 40% of world trade.

The text of the trade deal were recently released by the administration.

Talked about since 2008, the agreement gained momentum under the current administration, and President Obama has been advocating for its approval. The White House says the deal would eliminate thousands of tariffs and make U.S. export prices more attractive.

The countries included in the TPP are Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, the United States, and Vietnam.

Under the pact, most tariffs would be lifted across a range of products including beef, sugar, seafood, dairy, other food products, manufactured goods, and energy. The deal also addresses intellectual property, e-commerce, the environment, and other trade issues.

Still, the trade deal must receive approval from Congress and policymakers in each country.

Division in both parties
Congress is divided on the deal, and there are supporters and opponents within both political parties.

Supporters point to the economic opportunity that would result from the agreement and the potential for other countries, such as China, to sign on in the future. Opponents believe the pact would encourage businesses to outsource manufacturing jobs to other countries and limit competition. Extending patent protections to other countries for products such as pharmaceuticals could drive up drug prices, many opponents contend. Another provision allowing multinational corporations to challenge regulations is also raising concern.

In addition, several national labor unions have voiced concern about the potential loss of American jobs resulting from the trade agreement. And presidential hopeful Hillary Clinton recently announced opposition to the TPP.

The deal will likely go before Congress for a vote early next year.

Strengthening dollar affects exports
U.S. exports have experienced pressure from the strengthening dollar and slowdown in global growth. In August, the trade deficit increased, driven by a decline in exports. The decline in exports, which was largely due to lower oil prices, was the sharpest since October 2012, the Commerce Department reported.

In September, exports rebounded and rose 1.6%, resulting in a decline in the trade deficit.

China is mounting its own trade agreement campaign
China was not part of the trade negotiations for the TPP. But China is working on its own trade agreements and negotiating to conclude the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) — a 16-nation free trade agreement across Asia.

Seven countries in the TPP accord are also part of the RCEP negotiations (Australia, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, Vietnam, and Brunei). If finalized, the agreement would represent about 3.4 billion people.

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Report: Global growth to slow into 2016

Expectations for global economic growth in 2016 are a little less optimistic than earlier this year, as commodity prices have plummeted in the past three months, according to the International Monetary Fund’s (IMF) most recent report.

A lackluster outlook for commodity prices, namely energy and metals, may curb growth in commodity-exporting emerging and developing economies in coming years, stated the IMF in its latest World Economic Outlook.

Compared with the IMF’s July forecasts, the new World Economic Outlook reduces expectations for global growth in 2015 and 2016 by 0.2 percentage points, though the expected rate of growth is higher than for 2015.

Still, global growth is uneven. The United States is among the economies that may see a moderate acceleration. In contrast to its July outlook for the United States, the IMF calls for growth in 2015 to be a tenth of a percent higher, at 2.6%, and rise to 2.8% next year. However, the most recent 2016 projection is slightly lower than in the July forecast.

Pessimism about Brazil and Canada
The outlook was particularly pessimistic for Brazil and Canada, both of which are reliant on commodity exports. China, a driver of demand during the recent commodity boom, and Brazil are headed for their fifth consecutive year of declining GDP output, the report states.

The IMF slashed Brazil’s projected output by 1.5 percentage points for this year and 1.7 percentage points for 2016. Canadian GDP was trimmed by 0.5 percentage points in 2015 and 0.4 percentage points in 2016.

Low oil and commodity prices have hurt both Brazil and Canada. Brazil also has been hurt by an internal corruption scandal at state-run Petrobas and by its exposure to China. In addition, Brazil’s long-term foreign sovereign currency rating recently received junk status from Standard & Poor’s rating agency.

Globally, persistently low investment was cited as a fundamental problem that has limited advances in labor productivity as well as wage gains, the IMF stated. Geopolitical risks, such as the migrant crisis in Europe, military conflicts in Syria and Iraq, and the rise of the terrorist group ISIS, are also factors.


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